4^th International conference on Women Oncology and women's health August 25-26, 2022 London, UK

Women's Health refers to the physical and mental wellbeing of woman. Some of them relate to genetic issues such as Diabetes, Thyroid, gynaecological cancer etc.    While others may include serious gynaecological issues caused by hormonal or physical disparities especially in women.

 Women's health has been expressed as "a patchwork quilt with gaps". Although many of the issues around women's health related to their reproductive health, including maternal and child health, genital health, breast health, and endocrinal health, which includes menstruation, birth control and menopause, a broader understanding of women's health to include all aspects of the women’s health has been urged. The WHO considers that an undue emphasis on reproductive health has been a major barrier for ensuring access to good standard health care for all women. Conditions that affect both men and women, such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, also manifest disparately in women. Women's health issues also include medical situations in which women face so many problems indirectly related to their biology, such as gender-differentiated access to medical treatment and other socioeconomic factors. Women's health is of important concern due to widespread discrimination against women in the world, leaving them disadvantaged.

When cancer begins in a woman's reproductive system, it is known as gynaecologic cancer. There are  five main types of gynaecologic cancers, they are

• Cervical cancer     
• Ovarian cancer
• Uterine cancer
• Vaginal cancer
• Vulvar cancer

 As a group, these are referred to as gynaecologic cancer. A sixth type of gynaecologic cancer is the very infrequent that is fallopian tube cancer. The five gynaecologic cancers begin in different places in women’s body i.e. within a woman's pelvis, which is the area just  below the stomach and in between the hip bones. Each gynaecologic cancer is unique, having different signs and different symptoms, different risk factors and different prevention strategies. All women are at risk for gynaecologic cancers, and risk grows with age. When gynaecologic cancers are found early, its therapy and treatment is most effective.

Breast cancer is the disease that is characterized when the cells in the breast becomes abnormal and multiply without any control. These cells usually form a tumour which is visible on an X-ray or felt as a lump. If it is left untreated the tumour cells may eventually spread beyond the original tumour to other parts of the body. Breast cancer can initiate from different parts of the breast. Mostly breast cancers begin in the duct that carries milk to the nipple. 

Types of breast cancers:

• 
  Invasive breast cancer:

In this type, the tumour cells breakthrough normal breast tissue barriers and spread into the other parts of body through the bloodstreams and lymph nodes.

• 
  Non-invasive breast cancer: 

In this type, the tumour cells remains in particular location of the breast without spreading into the other parts of body

Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death among women in the world, accounting for 1 out of every 3 female deaths. Sex-specific data focused on cardiovascular disease have been growing steadily, yet is neither routinely collected nor translated into practice. This broad review focuses on novel and unique aspects of cardiovascular health in women and sex differences as they relate to clinical practice in the identification, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disease. This review also provides current approaches to the evaluation and treatment of acute coronary syndromes that are more widespread in women, including myocardial infarction associated with non-obstructive coronary arteries, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, and stress-induced cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo Syndrome). Other cardiovascular disease entities with higher prevalence or unique considerations in women, such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, peripheral arterial disease, and abdominal aortic aneurysms, are also briefly evaluated.

A meticulous analysis of the changes that are taking place in menstrual cycle hormones when women become menopausal is important for various reasons. Fertility decreases with age, but whether there are direct hormonal correlations of this decline is not known. The presence of distinguishing hormonal changes that would predict the irreversible infertility allows women more certainly in decision-making about contraception in their latter reproductive years. The symptom and menstrual bleeding experience of women traversing menopause is also highly changeable, and it is possible that day-to-day hormonal patterns may prognosticate bleeding events that would allow women and their clinicians to make more précised predictions about the nature and timing of abnormal bleeding and the feasible needs for preventive treatment. The fundamental changes that can be anticipated in menstrual cycles and hormones as women in menopause stage can be used to provide physiologic and normative data against which the pattern of an individual may be juxtaposed.

Diabetes cannot be a picnic for ladies especially. The weight of diabetes on ladies is extraordinary due to infection that can influence both the mothers and unborn babies. Ladies' body have two main conceptive hormones they are estrogen and progesterone that can influence blood glucose levels by changing the way that the body response to insulin. At that point when estrogen levels are high, cells become progressively touchy to insulin. In any case, when estrogen level is low and progesterone level is high, ladies will encounter insulin opposition, that is, more amount of insulin is required to assist the cells that are taking in glucose from the blood. Diabetes can cause issues and difficulties during pregnancy like premature delivery, or the babies may bear surrenders. Ladies with diabetes are inclined coronary interlude.

Reproductive health is the human right. Good reproductive & sexual health is the state of physical, mental and social well-being in all the aspects related to the reproductive system of the body. It implicates that the people who are able to have a satisfied, secured and safe sex life have the ability to reproduce, the freedom to decide and how often to do so. To nurture one’s reproductive and sexual health, public need the access to perceive the accurate information regarding their secure, safe, effective and acceptable contraception methods of their choice.

Female Genital Mutilation is a violation of girls’ and women’s fundamental human rights. FGM has no health benefits and often it leads to the long-term physical and mental consequences. Medical complications include severe pain, prolonged bleeding, infection, infertility and even sometimes death. It can also lead to increased risk for the transmission of HIV. Women who have undergone genital mutilation can experience various complications during the childbirth, including postpartum haemorrhage, stillbirth and early infant death. Psychological impacts which can range from a girl losing trust in her caretakers to longer-term feelings of anxiety and depression.

It’s amplitude of Gynaecology and in few countries it is referred as Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery. All the clinical problems which are associated with the dysfunction of the pelvic floor and the urinary bladder were managed by an urogynaecologist. The bladder, reproductive organs, and bowels are affected by the pelvic floor disorders urinary incontinence; pelvic organ prolapse and faecal incontinence were included in common pelvic floor disorders. Urogynaecologists are also accountable for the care of women who have experienced trauma to the perineum during delivery.

An oncology nurse is a specialized nurse who cares for patients fight with cancer. These nurses need advanced, new-fangled certifications and clinical experiences in oncology further than the typical baccalaureate nursing program. Oncology nursing care can be elucidated as meeting the several requirements of cancer patients during the time of their disease including significant screenings and other preventive practices, symptom management, care to maintain as much normal functioning as possible, and supportive measures upon end of life. Oncology nurses must have pertinent training in the administration, handling, side effects, and dosing of chemotherapy. Each institution will have its own policies for several chemotherapy drugs to corroborate adequate training and for prevention of errors.

Chemotherapy mentions to the use of any drug to cure any ill-health. But to most people, the term chemotherapy (or "chemo") means drugs used for cancer treatment. It's predominant to know that not all medicines and drugs to cure cancer work the same way. It accustomed to be the best type of drug that could heal cancer was traditional or excellence chemo, but now there are a lot of different kinds of drugs used to treat cancer. While traditional or excellence chemotherapy is still the foremost way to cure various cancers, several sorts of drugs may work better for others. As a lump of body’s natural process, cells are persistently substituted through a procedure of dividing and growing. When cancer transpires, cells reproduce in an abnormal and uncontrolled manner.

Genetic disorders are the disorders that are caused by peculiarity in one or more genes or chromosomes. Some genetic disorders are hereditary and others are unconstrained. Hereditary genetic disorders are passed down from one generation to another generation. Inhereditary genetic disorders are not transferred from one generation to another, but they happen when genetic material in the father’s sperm or mother's egg cells or in the cells of the developing embryo is damaged by chance or by drugs, chemicals, or other damaging materials (such as x-rays).Before women become pregnant, they and their life-partner should speak with their doctor about their risk of having a child with a genetic disorder. Examining for genetic disorders is recommended to all women but is especially important if a couple’s risk is greater than normal.

The medical therapy of PCOD/PCOS focal point on directing your sole concerns, such as infertility, hirsutism, acne or obesity.

• Lowering of blood glucose levels
• Restoration of fertility
• Treatment of hirsutism or acne
• Restoration of systematic menstruation, and prohibition  of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer

Lose of weight (which can be difficult) was seemed to help with diabetes, increase in blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Even a weight loss of 5% of whole body weight appeared to help with the imbalance of hormones and also with infertility.

Prognosis:
In Medical terminology Prognosis is related to evaluate the possibility or risk of an individual developing a specific state of health over a specific time, based on their clinical & Non- clinical profile. The foremost motto of Prognosis research is to determine the possibility of the specified outcome with various combinations of predictors in well-defined populations. Prognosis research requires multivariable approaches to design and analysis and the atmost design to address the Prognostic questions is a cohort study.

Pathophysiology:

Pathophysiology is the study of deranged function in an individual or an organ because of a disease. It deals with the origins of diseases and dynamics disease processes. Cancer has a multiplex Pathophysiology. Pathologists are physicians who are concerned mainly with the study of disease in all its aspects. This includes origin of the disease, diagnosis, development of disease, mechanism and natural course of the disease.

Epidemiologic studies have come up with mainly with the contemporary knowledge of environmental and genetic treat factors for breast cancer. Worldwide, breast cancer is chiefly the cause of human suffering and premature fatality among the women. In the United States, breast cancer reckons for higher cancer deaths in women than any site other than lung cancer. Various threats for breast cancer have been well-developed by epidemiologic studies which includes race, ethnicity, family history of cancer, and genetic traits, as well as changeable exposures such as rise in alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, exogenous hormones, and certain female reproductive factors.

Since 1976, CII (Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy) has been reporting some noteworthy advances in the field of tumor immunology. These journals were assisted as an assembling of latest abstracts and advances in fundamentals, clinical cancer immunology and immunotherapy. CII is eager to publish broad-ranging points and reviews, results which broadened or challenge established paradigms, as well as negative studies which fizzle to reproduce experiments that support recent paradigms, and papers that succeeded in reproducing others’ results in variety of contexts.

Physical exam. Your doctor may sense areas of your body for lumps that may designate cancer. During the physical examination of body, your doctor may look for abnormalities that are present in body, such as changes in skin hue or enlargement of an organ in the body, which may indicate the presence and existence of cancer.

Laboratory tests. Laboratory tests  such as urine test and blood test, may help your doctor in  identifying  abnormalities that can be caused due to  cancer. For instance, in people with leukaemia, a common blood test called complete blood count may divulge an unusual number or type of white blood cells.

Imaging tests. Imaging tests helps your doctor to examine your bones and internal organs in a non-invasive manner. Imaging tests which are used in diagnosing cancer include a computerized tomography (CT) scan, bone scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) scan and ultra-sounding.

Biopsy. During a biopsy, your doctor pileup a sample of cells from lump for testing in the laboratory. There are various  ways of collecting a sample from lump. Biopsy procedure is right for you depend on your type of cancer and its location in body. In most situations, a biopsy is the only way to  diagnose cancer.

In the laboratory, doctors examine cell samples under the microscope. Normal cells appear uniform, with similar sizes and orderly organization. Cancer cells look less orderly, with different sizes and without apparent organization.

physicians  & Nurses have  been involved with tertiary prevention, the care, and rehabilitation of patients after diagnosis and treatment of cancer, but theNational Cancer Institute, American Cancer Society, the clinicians, and researchers also place emphasis on primary and secondary prevention of cancer.

Women Oncology & Care is organizing with the main theme “Challenges in advance spotting therapy and stopping these possibilities”. This conference including the extended critically important sessions in the domain of Oncology, Imaging and Health Care. This multidisciplinary multi-specialty oncology course will cover all aspects of cancer intervention and imaging.

According to the Precision Medicine Initiative, precision medicine is an emerging approach for the treatment of disease and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, lifestyle and environment of each person.

The difference between a traditional shrewd assessment of a situation which is complex and true precision medicine is the degree of reliance on data – especially genomic data – to make decisions about certain treatment paths that may be more or less effective for the individual at hand.