Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Dr. Sudha G. Bansode.
Dr. Sudha Bansode is a Associate Professor in Zoology at Shankarrao Mohite College, Akluj, Maharashtra State, India.
Keynote: Cancer is not one single disease but a complex of many diseases. About two hundred distinct types of cancer have been recognized
Biography:
Dr. Sudha Bansode is a Associate Professor in Zoology at Shankarrao Mohite College, Akluj, Maharashtra State, India. Recently she has completed her Post Doctoral Studies at University of California, Riverside, USA. She is a active researcher & passionate teacher in India. Still she has been published above 35 research papers in International Journals & she is interested on Bone Research. Also she has honour of Distinguished Editorial Board Member of several International Journals. She is a own author of “Textbook Histological Techniques” & “Outlines of Physiology”. And now she is working on another own reference book “Rhythms in Freshwater Crustaceans”. She is a University recognized research guide for Ph.D. students in India.
She was a invited Indian Speaker of “OXFORD SYMPOSIUM” on 27-29 August, 2014 at Balliol College, Oxford, United Kingdom & CELL SIGNALING & CANCER THERAPY – International Conference at Double Tree, Hilton Chicago on 27-28 September 2017, Genetics, Cell and Gene Therapy at Amsterdam, Netherlands, Sweden, Canada etc. She was academic visitor of Bangkok- Thailand, Colombo-Sri Lanka, Daira-Dubai-UAE. Her recent intellectual Interaction is with many International Professional groups.
Abstract:
Cancer is not one single disease but a complex of many diseases. About two hundred distinct types of cancer have been recognized. These can be grouped into four main types: carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas and leukemias. True and leading cause of cancer. Where does it stem from. It is agreed by most that, “The immediate cause of cancer must be some combination of insults and accidents that induces normal cells in a healthy human body to turn malignant, growing like weeds and sprouting in unnatural places”. It is also agreed in the scientific community that cancer is “a disease of DNA”, however this does not really get to the root of the problem.
Recombinant DNA and the Human Gene : Restriction enzymes or restriction endonucleases, and more than 100 of these enzymes have been isolated. After the human gene (gene of interest) that codes for the desire trait is located on the chromosome restriction enzyme does it job, by cutting out the gene from the DNA. Now, the two ends of the human gene will be those that will link up with the open ends of the plasmid. Cell division is a normal process in multi-cellular organisms. Growth and repair (replacement of dead cells) take place as a result of cell division (mitosis). Except for cells like the liver and brain cells, which rarely divide in the mature adult, most cells undergo frequent division. Sometimes, however, cell division becomes very rapid and uncontrolled, leading lo cancer. It should be clearly understood that rapid growth means a high rate of cell division for a particular cell type. It is possible for perfectly normal cells, e. g. the blood-forming cells, to have a higher rate of division than some cancerous cells.
The human manipulation of DNA “Will the human manipulation of DNA provide significant benefits to today’s society?” Human manipulation of DNA, also known as genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology, is a process that involves combining DNA, and inserting the newly recombined DNA into cells to be expressed through protein synthesis. The human manipulation of DNA can be beneficial and disadvantageous. It allows genetically engineered (GE) proteins to be manufactured, aiding those with cardiac issues, and can increase genetic diversity.
- Epidemiology of Women Cancer
Location: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Session Introduction
Xianming Carroll
Mercer University; Macon, Georgia, USA
Title: A matched case-control study of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with HPV infection among pregnant women
Biography:
Xianming Carroll, PhD and MPH from Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf Germany 2006 and 2003. Associate Professor at Mercer University 2018-current. Research and interests-social and environmental epidemiology, maternal and child’s health, and community-based chronic disease (cancer) intervention. Published numerous papers in peer-reviewed journals. Reviewer of PLoS One and APHA annual conference abstracts. Editorial board member of CPQ Women and Child Health Journal and Journal of Pediatrics and Pediatric Medicine
Abstract:
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection plays key role in the development of cervical cancer. The prevalence of HPV infection is increasing in China, but the socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with HPV infection in pregnant Chinese women have not been systematically analyzed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic/lifestyle factors and HPV infection among pregnant Chinese women in Beijing. The study hypotheses are: (1) when compared to pregnant women without HPV, pregnant women with HPV infection are more likely to be in the lower socioeconomic status (SES) as measured by education, occupation and household income; (2) when compared to pregnant women without HPV, pregnant women with HPV infection are more likely to choose unhealthy lifestyles as measured by tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity. Methods: In this age matched case-control study, we examined the effect of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors on 66 pregnant women (HPV positive) and 132 pregnant women (HPV negative) in two hospitals in Beijing. Results: Our data suggest that alcohol consumption during pregnancy is the strongest significant factor associated with HPV infection in Chinese women. There were no statistical differences observed in any of the socioeconomic factors when comparing the HPV positive and negative groups. Conclusion: Public health strategies that focus on regulation of the sales and consumption of alcohol in China, and development of health education programs for pregnant women, would be positive steps to approach solutions to this problem. Keywords: human papillomavirus, socioeconomic factor, lifestyle factor, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, pregnant women. Images/Graphs/Tables: Table 4.Associated Factors Identified in Backward Stepwise Logistic Regression (Best Fit) Model. Variables entered into the Model: passive smoking at workplace, alcohol consumption, drinking during pregnancy, number of sexual partners, age at first pregnancy, number of pregnancy,cervical erosion or cervicitis, vaginitis (trichomonas + mold), and TCT check (trichomoniasis + mold) . *values are the estimated unstandardized regression coefficients. **OR indicates likelihood of HPV infection. Variables Estimate* Standard Error Wald Test p-Value OR** (95%CI) Drinking during pregnancy 1.26 0.47 7.14 0.008 3.53 (1.40-8.69) Recent Publications: (Former name Du Prel) ï‚· Liang X, Carroll X*, Zhang WY, et al (2018) Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with HPV infection: a matched case-control study in Beijing, China. Reproductive Health 15:200. (*Corresponding author) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-018-0645-x. ï‚· Carroll X, Liang X, Zhang WY, et al (2018) Socioeconomic, environmental and lifestyle
- Breast Cancer
Location: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Session Introduction
Dr Suchetha Kumari
Professor of Biochemistry at K S Hegde Medical Academy from 2000-current.
Title: Association of Delta desaturase activity and Alpha-1 antitrypsin in women with breast
Biography:
Dr Suchetha Kumari N completed MSc and PhD from Mysore University 1995 . Professor of Biochemistry at K S Hegde Medical Academy from 2000-current. Research interests- nutrition in diabetes, PCOD and cancer patients and activity based on the diet applied to healthcare setting. Published and/presented more than 100 papers.
Abstract:
Introduction: Breast cancer is a major cause of death among women all over the world. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is a glycoprotein and an inhibitor of serine proteases (1). Binding of A1AT with polyunsaturated fatty acids like Alpha linolenic acid and oleic acid was recently reported (2). Delta 9 desaturase (D9D), D5D and D6D catalyse the rate limiting steps in the fatty acids conversion. Our aim was to find an association between Alpha-1 antitrypsin levels and delta desaturases activity among breast cancer women and control women.
Materials and methods: 40 breast cancer women and 20 control women were analysed for fatty acids by gas chromatography and alpha 1 antitrypsin by immunoturbidimetric method.
Results: Breast cancer women had A1AT levels between 106-240mg/dl whereas the A1AT levels in control women were between 98-180mg/dl. D5D and D9D-18 activities were significantly higher in cancer cases than in the control subject (P=0.001). No statistical significant correlation was observed in both the groups . But there was negative correlation between A1AT and D9D activity in both the groups.
Discussion: Our data indicate that D5D and D9D activities were higher in the breast cancer women. The underlying mechanism could be the competition between n-3 and n-6 long chain fatty acids for eicosanoid production. To our knowledge it is the first time to show the association of delta desaturase activity and A1AT in breast cancer women and control women. Variation in the A1AT and delta desaturases may provide new insights for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for breast cancer women and help women from cancer.
References
1.Barbaresko J, Koch M, Schulze MB, Nöthlings U. Dietary pattern analysis and biomarkers of low-grade inflammation: a systematic literature review. Nutr Rev 2013;71(8): 511–27.
2. Harris HR, TworogerSS , Hankinson SE ,Rosner BA. Plasma Leptin Levels and Risk of Breast Cancer in Premenopausal Women. Cancer prevention research 2011; 4(9): 1449-56.
3.Metcalfe LD, Schmitz AA, PelkaJR.Preparation of fatty acid esters from lipids for gas chromatography . Anal Chem 1966; 38(3): 514-15
- Breast Care
Location: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Session Introduction
Dr Chandrika Valal
Nitte University K S Hegde Medical Academy Department of Pathology Deralakatte, Mangalore
Title: Immunohistochemical profile of invasive breast carcinoma with special reference to triple-negative breast cancer
Biography:
Introduction: Breast cancer is the second most leading cause of death in women. It is an important health issue not only in the developed world but also in resource limited nation. Incidence of breast cancers low in India compared to Western countries, but it is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality, may be due to late presentation at advanced stages. Hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone) and Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) study are not routinely carried out as it is expensive, especially in developing countries. This could impact treatment decisions and patients are sometimes treated empirically with tamoxifen. Triple-negative breast cancers are group of primary breast cancers which lack expression for hormone receptors and Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2.
Objectives: This study is aimed to pathologically illustrate morphological prognostic parameters in primary invasive breast carcinoma and triple negative breast cancer. Further, to analyze the association between clinicopathological prognostic parameters and receptor status.
Design: The sample consists of immunohistochemical profile of one hundred and fifty specimens of primary invasive breast cancer. Among these, fifty triple-negative phenotype breast cancer specimens are further assessed for, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and Ki-67.
Result: Out of 150 tumors studied, 68 (45.3%) are positive for estrogen receptor, 51(34.6%) for progesterone receptor and 5 cases are positive for Human epidermal growth factor receptor - 2. Large number of patients (65/150, 43.3%) are between the age group of 41 to 50years and had tumor size more than 2cm (119/150, 79.3%). Necrosis is observed in 72 of 150 (48.0%), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in 55 of 150 (36.7%) and majority of the tumors are of histological grade 2 (73/150, 48.6%). Most common histological subtype is Infiltrating ductal carcinoma, no special type (IDC NST) (91/150, 60.6%). Significant inverse association observed between tumor grade and hormone expression (p<0.05, OR 0.53, 95%CI 0.021 – 0.132), necrosis and hormone expression (p<0.05, OR 0.471, 95%CI 0.245 – 0.907).
A total of fifty cases of triple negative phenotype are further analyzed. Out of 50 triple negative phenotype breast cancers, 37 of 50 (74.0%) are positive for basal markers, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 and or / epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and 26.0% (13/50) cases are neither positive for EGFR nor for CK 5/6. Significant positive association is observed (p<0.05) between tumor necrosis and basal marker expression.
Summary and Conclusions: Breast cancer in our population presents at younger age and is histologically and by receptor profile more aggressive than western population, there by emphasizing role of morphological prognostic factors in molecular era.Triple-negative breast cancers harbor adverse pathobiological features and five marker immunohistochemical panels can be reliably used to define basal-like cancers.
Abstract:
Chandrika Rao , Mysore University 1993,MBBS. MAHE University 2000 Diploma in clinical Pathology (DCP), Nitte Deemed to be University 2013, PhD Pathology. Assistant Professor of Pathology 2013 – current. Incharge Blood Bank 2005 – current.
Publications - Total 44 publications in esteemed peer reviewed Journals. Original articles – 20 (Nine as first author) Case reports – 24 (4 as first author, 4 as corresponding author)
- anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Location: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Session Introduction
Dr. Jie Xu
The Unviersity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX 77030, USA
Title: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Biography:
Dr. Jie Xu has received her MD from Hubei Medical University and her PhD from the University of Alabama at Birmingham. She is currently an assistant professor in the Department of Hematopathology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. She is board certified by the American Board of Pathology in Anatomic Pathology, Clinical Pathology, and Hematology. Dr. Xu has been actively participating in multiple research projects in tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue, and cancer, which has led to 57 research papers, 49 presentations at the national and international conferences, and multiple awards. Her major research interests include diagnostic and prognostic factors in lymphoma and leukemia, and the potential therapeutic targets for hematopoietic neoplasms.
Abstract:
Breast implant–associated ALCL is a new provisional entity in the WHO Classification of Tumor of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (Revised 4th edition, 2017). It is not a disease of the breast parenchyma, but instead is a disease of the fibrous capsule surrounding the implant. The patients usually present with an effusion around the implant and, rarely, with a solid mass. Morphologically, the neoplastic cells are large, epithelioid, and pleomorphic, with abundant cytoplasm, vesicular irregular nuclei, and frequent mitoses. The lesional cells typically show strong and diffuse immunoreactivity for CD30 and often express T-cell markers, cytotoxic-associated antigens, and epithelial membrane antigen. Almost all reported cases are negative for anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Molecular genetic analyses have demonstrated T-cell receptor gene rearrangements. The differential diagnosis essentially includes poorly differentiated carcinoma, other lymphomas, and chronic inflammation. Once a diagnosis of lymphoma is established, it is important to exclude systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase–negative ALCL involving the breast, primary cutaneous ALCL, and other CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders. The patients with effusion-associated ALCL often have an indolent course and excellent prognosis, responding well to excision of the fibrous capsule around the implant (capsulectomy) and implant removal; the addition of chemotherapy does not appear to affect outcomes. In contrast, patients who present with a distinct mass may have a more aggressive course and poor prognosis, requiring chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.
Reference:
- Xu J and Wei S. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014 Jun;138(6):842-6.
- Feldman AL, Harris NL, Stein H, et al. WHO classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. IARC: Lyon 2017; p421-422.